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KF5JRV > TODAY 26.03.24 10:01l 51 Lines 3822 Bytes #999 (0) @ WW
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Subj: Today in History - Mar 26
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Sent: 240326/0708Z 19274@KF5JRV.#NWAR.AR.USA.NA BPQ6.0.23
On March 26, 1953, American medical researcher Dr. Jonas Salk announces on a national radio show that he has successfully teste
d a vaccine against poliomyelitis, the virus that causes the crippling disease of polio.
In 1952—an epidemic year for polio—there were 58,000 new cases reported in the United States, and more than 3,000 died from the
disease. For his work in helping to eradicate the disease, which is known as “infant paralysisö because it mainly affects chil
dren, Dr. Salk was celebrated as the great doctor-benefactor of his time.
Polio, a disease that affected humanity many times throughout recorded history, attacks the nervous system and can cause varyin
g degrees of paralysis. Since the virus is easily transmitted, epidemics were commonplace in the first decades of the 20th cent
ury. The first major polio epidemic in the United States occurred in Vermont in the summer of 1894, and by the 20th century tho
usands were affected every year. In the first decades of the 20th century, treatments were limited to quarantines and the infam
ous “iron lung,ö a metal coffin-like contraption that aided respiration. Although children, and especially infants, were among
the worst affected, adults were also often afflicted, including future president Franklin D. Roosevelt, who in 1921 was stricke
n with polio at the age of 39 and was left partially paralyzed. Roosevelt later transformed his estate in Warm Springs, Georgia
, into a recovery retreat for polio victims and was instrumental in raising funds for polio-related research and the treatment
of polio patients.
Salk, born in New York City in 1914, first conducted research on viruses in the 1930s when he was a medical student at New York
University, and during World War II helped develop flu vaccines. In 1947, he became head of a research laboratory at the Unive
rsity of Pittsburgh and in 1948 was awarded a grant to study the polio virus and develop a possible vaccine. By 1950, he had an
early version of his polio vaccine.
Salk’s procedure, first attempted unsuccessfully by American Maurice Brodie in the 1930s, was to kill several strains of the vi
rus and then inject the benign viruses into a healthy person’s bloodstream. The person’s immune system would then create antibo
dies designed to resist future exposure to poliomyelitis. Salk conducted the first human trials on former polio patients and on
himself and his family, and by 1953 was ready to announce his findings. This occurred on the CBS national radio network on the
evening of March 26 and two days later in an article published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Dr. Salk be
came an immediate celebrity.
In 1954, clinical trials using the Salk vaccine and a placebo began on 1.3 million American schoolchildren. In April 1955, it w
as announced that the vaccine was effective and safe, and a nationwide inoculation campaign began. Shortly thereafter, tragedy
struck in the Western and mid-Western United States, when more than 200,000 people were injected with a defective vaccine manuf
actured at Cutter Laboratories of Berkeley, California. Thousands of polio cases were reported, 200 children were left paralyze
d and 10 died.
The incident delayed production of the vaccine, but new polio cases dropped to under 6,000 in 1957, the first year after the va
ccine was widely available. In 1962, an oral vaccine developed by Polish-American researcher Albert Sabin became available, gre
atly facilitating the distribution of the polio vaccine. Today, there is no year-round transmission of poliovirus in the United
States. Among other honors, Jonas Salk was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977. He died in La Jolla, California,
in 1995.
73 de Scott KF5JRV
Pmail: KF5JRV@KF5JRV.#NWAR.AR.USA.NA
Email KF5JRV@gmail.com
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