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N2NOV > ARDC 29.03.25 22:00l 63 Lines 2710 Bytes #77 (0) @ WW
BID : CPN2_N2NOV
Read: GUEST
Subj: Re: PORTS vs PROTOCOLS (Quick Primer)
Path: IW8PGT<IZ3LSV<I0OJJ<EA2RCF<LU9DCE<VE3TOK<VE3KPG<N2MH<N2NOV
Sent: 250329/2053z @:N2NOV.#RICH.NY.USA.NOAM $:CPN2_N2NOV
I received a question on how a packet of data is organized that would
show the protocol to be used. Again, this is just to get you started.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4#Packet_structure
On 3/29/2025 12:12 AM, n2nov@n2nov.ampr.org wrote:
> This by no means is a complete explanation of the topic, but enough to start.
>
> Routers and firewalls need to be able to open up some and close other ports
> and protocols for all amateur radio networking to traverse the great unwashed
> network that we call the internet. The devices that you receive from your
> local internet cable or fiber optic provider may not have the capability for
> you to make the needed changes. If you can not replace the device with one that
> does, then you will have to consider a VPN tunnel like Wireguard that will do
> the heavy lifting and only pass along the 44net packets that you need. Contact
> your local 44net coordinator for more info on local VPN tunnel availability.
> Certain operating systems like Windows may require special configuration or
> operating a piece of software in "administrative mode" to allow the protocols
> 4, 93 and 94 to be made available (also known as RAW sockets). Linux users will
> have to make sure that the IP Tables in your system or firewall are set to
> allow incoming and forwarding for these protocols.
>
>
> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers
>
> Common port (not protocol) numbers that you may be working with or heard of:
> 21 - FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
> 23 - TELNET
> 25 - SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - email between servers)
> 80 - HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol - web pages)
> 110 - POP3 (Post Office Protocol - retrieving your email from a server)
> 119 - NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol - for newsgroup retrieval)
> 520 - RIP (Routing Information Protocol - like IP-IP encap broadcasts)
> 3600 - CONVerse chat telnet port
>
>
> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IP_protocol_numbers
>
> The protocols (not ports) that we are looking for in 44net systems are:
> 4 - IP-in-IP (encapsulation: 44net address inside a public IP address wrapper)
> 93 - AX.25 (amateur radio version of X25 that uses call signs instead of MACs)
> 94 - OS (KA9Q/NOS compatible version of Protocol 4 IP-IP packets)
>
> Other common protocols that you may have heard of:
> 1 - ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol - ping packets)
> 6 - TCP (Transmission Control Protocol - each packet is checked for receipt)
> 17 - UDP (User Datagram Protocol - streaming data that may drop packets)
>
>
> --
> 73 de N2NOV
> n2nov@n2nov.ampr.org
> n2nov@n2nov.#rich.ny.usa.noam
--
73 de N2NOV
n2nov@n2nov.ampr.org
n2nov@n2nov.#rich.ny.usa.noam
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