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LU9DCE > PACKET 28.12.16 15:44l 116 Lines 5112 Bytes #999 (0) @ WW
BID : 16169_LU9DCE
Read: GUEST
Subj: PACKET RADIO - PART 7
Path: IW8PGT<IR2UBX<OK0NBR<IW0QNL<VE2PKT<LU4ECL<LU9DCE
Sent: 161228/1334Z @:LU9DCE.TOR.BA.ARG.SOAM #:16169 [TORTUGUITAS] $:16169_LU9DC
From: LU9DCE@LU9DCE.TOR.BA.ARG.SOAM
To : PACKET@WW
INTRODUCTION TO PACKET RADIO - PART 7
by Larry Kenney, WB9LOZ
PACKET MESSAGE ADDRESSING
Messages are directed throughout the worldwide BBS network using a
scheme called HIERARCHICAL ADDRESSING. The format for a hierarchical
address is:
addressee-call @
BBS-call.#local-area.state-province.country.continent
For example: My hierarchical packet address is:
WB9LOZ @ W6PW.#NCA.CA.USA.NOAM
It might look complicated, but it's not. First, note that each
section of the format is separated by a period. State and province
codes are the recognized two-character codes established by the
US and Canadian Post Offices. These may be found in the Callbook,
your phone directory, or any zip code listing. Don't guess on the
state and province code if you aren't sure what it is, and make
sure you use only the two-letter abbreviation. You could send
the message to the wrong state or province or keep it from being
forwarded altogether.
The codes used for the countries and continents are standards,
now accepted throughout the world. You should be able to find a
list of them in the help document or file section of your BBS. The
country code has three letters and the continent code has four
letters. (An older version of the continent code, still used by
some BBSs, has only two letters.)
The code for the local area is optional. Since you probably have
no idea what code is being used in upper New York state or in Iowa
City, IA, for example, you don't have to enter it. If you do know
the local code, please use it, because it will help get the message
closer to where it's going more directly.
For messages going outside of the US or Canada, the state-province
section is not always used.
Using the hierarchical format, here are some examples of packet
addresses:
KB6LQV @ N6ZGY.#CCA.CA.USA.NOAM KC6NVL @ K6VE.#SCA.CA.USA.NOAM
KC3XC @ N4QQ.MD.USA.NOAM VE3XYZ @ VE3RPT.ON.CAN.NOAM JA1ABC @
JA1KSO.#42.JPN.ASIA
You'll note that the local area code is preceded by the octothorpe
(now, how's that for a $5 word?), better known as the number
or pound sign. The reason is that in Great Britain, Japan, and
possibly other areas, they use routing numbers for the local area,
which could get confused with zip and postal codes. Using the #
on all local area codes will eliminate forwarding problems.
We need to emphasize two very important points: hierarchical
addressing DOES NOT indicate a forwarding PATH, and ONLY ONE BBS call
should be included in the address. A list of BBS calls separated by
periods will not get your message to its destination. In fact, it can
cause your message to loop between BBSs and your message probably
won't be delivered. The addressing scheme is said to be one area
inside another area. Using my hierarchical address as an example,
WB9LOZ @ W6PW.#NCA.CA.USA.NOAM, here's how you would describe the
address: "WB9LOZ at W6PW which is in Northern California which is
in California which is in the USA which is in North America".
USING THE HIERARCHICAL ADDRESS: This section explains how the BBS
software uses the hierarchical addressing scheme. For an example,
let's say that I send a message to my friend Richard, KA7FYC, who
uses the KD7HD BBS in Missoula, MT as his home BBS. I would enter:
SP KA7FYC @ KD7HD.#MSL.MT.USA.NOAM
All BBSs have a routing list called a "forward file". Like your
local postal sorter, it "knows" about local routings in detail, but
as the destination grows more distant, it knows only about larger
geographical areas. If the only items in my BBS's forward file are
other California BBSs plus a list of state abbreviations, country and
continent codes, let's see how this message would be forwarded. The
BBS software will attempt to find a match between the items in the
BBS forward file and the various parts of the hierarchical address
starting with the left-most item in the address field. In our case,
it would not find a match for KD7HD. If there isn't a match, it then
moves to the next section to the right. It wouldn't find a match for
#MSL, so it would again move to the right. Since all of the state
abbreviations are listed in the forward file, it would find MT and
that match would allow the message to be forwarded. The forward
file would indicate the call of the next BBS in line to receive a
message addressed to MT. Once the message is received at the next
BBS, the process would start all over again until the message is
finally delivered to its destination.
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