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CX2SA > SATDIG 08.05.20 22:30l 645 Lines 24727 Bytes #999 (0) @ WW
BID : AMSATBB15148
Read: GUEST
Subj: AMSAT-BB-digest V15 148
Path: IW8PGT<IZ3LSV<IR1UAW<IK1NHL<CX2SA
Sent: 200508/2022Z @:CX2SA.SAL.URY.SOAM #:30885 [Salto] FBB7.00e $:AMSATBB15148
From: CX2SA@CX2SA.SAL.URY.SOAM
To : SATDIG@WW
Today's Topics:
1. Re: APRS Birds (Adrian Engele)
2. Re: APRS Birds (Brian Wilkins KO4AQF)
3. PacComm Spirit 2 (James Johnson)
4. APRS Birds (Stephen DeVience)
5. Hack-a-Sat Call for Participation (Michelle Thompson)
6. Re: FM vs Linear Transponders (Zach Metzinger)
7. Re: APRS Birds (Patrick STODDARD (WD9EWK/VA7EWK))
8. Re: FM vs Linear Transponders (Cal Spreitzer)
9. satellite cw beacon heard on about 145.820 MHz (Graham c)
10. Re: FM vs Linear Transponders (Paul Stoetzer)
11. Re: PacComm Spirit 2 (Stephen E. Belter)
12. Re: APRS Birds Summary Page (Robert Bruninga)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message: 1
Date: Fri, 8 May 2020 19:14:36 +0000 (UTC)
From: Adrian Engele <aa5uk@?????.???>
To: amsat-bb@?????.???? Brad Smith <corlissbs@???.???>
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] APRS Birds
Message-ID: <1650692067.165399.1588965276700@????.?????.???>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Hey Brad,
Perhaps this AMSAT article will
help:https://www.amsat.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/AMSAT_Journal_
KenwoodHT_Packet.pdf
73, Adrian AA5UK
On Friday, May 8, 2020, 2:09:03 PM CDT, Brad Smith via AMSAT-BB
<amsat-bb@?????.???> wrote:
<Also, there is a lot of bandwidth on the APRS satellites
(Falconsat-3,ARISS, NO-84) and the PSK birds (NO-84, NO-104) waiting for
moreusers. Remember, with APRS you can do more than just send yourposition,
you can send messages back and forth and have a decentconversation. So for
those tired of the QRM on FM, consider givingthem a try.>
I have mastered packet exchange through the ISS and would love to do packets
on the APRS satellites. However, I have not found an article, etc,. that
tells how to do it. I understand that it is not quite the same as the
ISS/digipeaters contacts. If one can't find an "instruction sheet", how can
one participate? I was hoping that this year's AMSAT satellite book would
give a clue, but due to obvious circumstances, the book has not been
published. Since I am the only one in my ham clubs who does any packets at
all, help is not going to come from local hams. I am very thankful for the
help from some hams around the US who elmered me, so far.? Brad KC9UQR
_______________________________________________
Sent via AMSAT-BB@?????.???. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions
expressed
are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
AMSAT-NA.
Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
Subscription settings: https://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
------------------------------
Message: 2
Date: Fri, 8 May 2020 15:14:41 -0400
From: Brian Wilkins KO4AQF <bwilkins@?????.???>
To: Brad Smith <corlissbs@???.???>
Cc: amsat-bb@?????.???
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] APRS Birds
Message-ID:
<CAO_Eq32ZX9S0iNLFTRaC0ixC7r25eYzpu2N-g7tFeBEGfazWmg@????.?????.???>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
Brad
Contact WD9EWK (Patrick). He has authored articles on this topic. I will
let him respond if he can
Brian
On Fri, May 8, 2020 at 3:09 PM Brad Smith via AMSAT-BB <amsat-bb@?????.???>
wrote:
> <Also, there is a lot of bandwidth on the APRS satellites
> (Falconsat-3,ARISS, NO-84) and the PSK birds (NO-84, NO-104) waiting for
> moreusers. Remember, with APRS you can do more than just send yourposition,
> you can send messages back and forth and have a decentconversation. So for
> those tired of the QRM on FM, consider givingthem a try.>
> I have mastered packet exchange through the ISS and would love to do
> packets on the APRS satellites. However, I have not found an article, etc,.
> that tells how to do it. I understand that it is not quite the same as the
> ISS/digipeaters contacts. If one can't find an "instruction sheet", how can
> one participate? I was hoping that this year's AMSAT satellite book would
> give a clue, but due to obvious circumstances, the book has not been
> published. Since I am the only one in my ham clubs who does any packets at
> all, help is not going to come from local hams. I am very thankful for the
> help from some hams around the US who elmered me, so far. Brad KC9UQR
>
> _______________________________________________
> Sent via AMSAT-BB@?????.???. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
> to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions
> expressed
> are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
> AMSAT-NA.
> Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
> Subscription settings: https://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
>
--
Brian Wilkins
KO4AQF
------------------------------
Message: 3
Date: Fri, 8 May 2020 13:09:03 -0600 (MDT)
From: James Johnson <va7cnd@????.??>
To: amsat-bb@?????.???
Subject: [amsat-bb] PacComm Spirit 2
Message-ID:
<604568834.250311931.1588964943942.JavaMail.zimbra@????.??>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
Would anyone have a copy of the manual for this TNC. I have lots of PacComm
manuals but the Spirit II was designed for satelitte work.
I know I'm playing with old technolgy but just like old tube gear its fun to
get it working.
James VE7HJ
Victoria BC
------------------------------
Message: 4
Date: Fri, 8 May 2020 15:24:17 -0400
From: Stephen DeVience <sjdevience@?????.???>
To: amsat-bb@?????.???
Subject: [amsat-bb] APRS Birds
Message-ID:
<CAMPfQQA4ebsFUouZ2J+W8+LgvNc2ds7b_x2gh02rSQqrp8-SuQ@????.?????.???>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
PSAT (NO-84) works exactly the same way as the ISS, and you can even use
ARISS as the path. Unfortunately its digipeater has been off lately. NO-103
should also work the same way, whenever it eventually will be turned on.
For those who can reach it, IO-86 works the same way, but the path is
YBSAT. All are on 145.825 MHz.
Falconsat-3 is V/U mode and 9600 baud. Some Falconsat-3 instructions are
here:
https://www.amsat.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/FalconSAT-Stoddard-
pdf.pdf
https://andrewbnortham.com/ke8fzt/falconsat/
Aisat looks to have stopped working, as has the APRS portion of NO-104.
One issue I notice when using my TH-D72 is that some people send packet
messages that are not in the full APRS format, so they aren't decoded
properly. This shouldn't be an issue when using software like Xastir or
UISS.
Also, the longer the message, the more likely it will pick up errors and
not be digipeated or decoded. So shorter is better.
-Stephen, N8URE
------------------------------
Message: 5
Date: Fri, 8 May 2020 12:26:07 -0700
From: Michelle Thompson <mountain.michelle@?????.???>
To: AMSAT BB <amsat-bb@?????.???>
Subject: [amsat-bb] Hack-a-Sat Call for Participation
Message-ID:
<CACvjz2VTP0c4krq4r=UdO4LA3gK1MdeG28=qjZ7Pf7Rt4DGFWA@????.?????.???>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
Greetings all!
I've put out the call for participation for the Hack-a-Sat competition in
the past, and would like to bring you all up to date on the developments
and opportunities that have developed since.
The website is here: https://www.hackasat.com/
Hack-a-Sat is an activity that was scheduled to happen at the in-person
DEFCON event.
As of today, yes, it's true. DEFCON has been cancelled.
Those of you that have volunteered at Ham Radio Village in the past are
familiar with the event. For those of you that are not, it's a long-running
hacking and cybersecurity event that has enthusiastically adopted
everything RF and amateur radio.
The United States Air Force, in conjunction with the Defense Digital
Service, organized this year?s Space Security Challenge, called Hack-A-Sat.
This challenge asks hackers from around the world to focus their skills and
creativity on solving cybersecurity challenges on space systems. This
competition is going to be held! It's now a virtual event.
Security in the amateur radio sense of the word is fundamentally different
from commercial and military applications. We have an advantage here,
mainly due to the enormous leverage we have due to our context being
completely different from what the Air Force and commercial interests
assume. This is, essentially, a diversity advantage.
If you want to participate on an experienced Capture The Flag (CTF) team,
then I am here to extend an invitation. Anyone that reads through the rules
and can afford to spend some time during the event is invited to apply to
join Vaporsec. This is a team that has a majority of information security
professionals. There are some satellite industry people, some amateur
involvement, and I'd like to make sure that anyone interested in competing
from AMSAT-BB gets a chance to join a competitive team.
The benefits to amateur radio are primarily technical, with policy and
security a close second. The Air Force has some agendas here in terms of
improving satellite security. Exposure to the challenges alone is a an
excellent opportunity to learn more about modern satellite technology...
and what a significant player in space wants to find out more about. Don't
assume that that the challenges in the competition are going to be "too
hard". What is trivial for one viewpoint is unsolvable for another.
I'll be writing about the event and what we learned when it is over, so
this sort of knowledge will not be secret. However, there is no replacement
for participation, and you could very well have the practical knowledge,
gained from operating real satellites, that wins the competition. As you
can see from the website, there is some real money involved and
opportunities for technical writing.
Let me know at w5nyv@????.??? if you would like to talk more about joining
a CTF team for this really neat and unique event.
Know someone that you think should participate? Please forward to them.
-Michelle W5NYV
------------------------------
Message: 6
Date: Fri, 8 May 2020 14:28:17 -0500
From: Zach Metzinger <zmetzing@?????.???>
Cc: Amsat <amsat-bb@?????.???>
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] FM vs Linear Transponders
Message-ID: <de880c63-2eb3-8aa5-9aa3-0d6574fdd13a@?????.???>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed
On 05/08/20 14:11, Peter Goodhall (2M0SQL) wrote:
> Not sure what you think needs doing, there's already a pisdr image
> available setup for most common SDRs on the market and most of the
> common software tools see https://pisdr.luigifreitas.me
>
> Think only improvements the image needs perhaps is the Fox decoder
> added but its pretty much ready to use.
Peter,
I didn't know about this project, but that's great. After a quick
perusal of the web pages, here are a few thoughts:
- This isn't a "out of the box" experience setup. The Usage section of
Getting Started talks about SSH or VNC access to log. This begs the
question: What if someone had a TFT daughterboard with touchscreen (or
keyboard) and wanted to have it boot right into the SDR, ready to go?
- The FCDP+ is not supported, but probably could be. This is a dongle
that many in our hobby might already possess.
Now, how would a prospective new AMSAT member know about this path?
Probably not via this -bb, and the AMSAT website makes no mention of
this path on any of these pages:
https://www.amsat.org/introduction-to-working-amateur-satellites/
https://www.amsat.org/station-and-operating-hints/
The main amsat.org page doesn't have anything like "Getting Started" or
"How Do I Work An Amateur Satellite?", and that's where something like
this could go.
I really like AMSAT-UK's website (https://amsat-uk.edu/) with the tab
"Beginners" and all sorts of useful information under it about how to
get started. However, they also do not mention the SDR path under either
"How to work <mode> satellites" page.
I'll stop there, because now I'm armchair quarterbacking. Please, if
anyone can volunteer to get something like this popularized, volunteer
for AMSAT and do it! We need more active operators, regardless of the
method that they utilize to get on the bird.
--- Zach
N0ZGO
------------------------------
Message: 7
Date: Fri, 8 May 2020 19:38:12 +0000
From: "Patrick STODDARD (WD9EWK/VA7EWK)" <amsat-bb@??????.???>
To: AMSAT <amsat-bb@?????.???>
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] APRS Birds
Message-ID:
<CAN6TEUdrpczMcxRW-4xn_ANWe4pPoJb78mJsAEcWt7mAjcpoxA@????.?????.???>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
Hi Brad!
If you are making packet QSOs through the ISS digipeater,
you can also use NO-84 when its 145.825 MHz digipeater is
on. Look for the PSAT call sign on that frequency when the
digipeater is on (PSAT-1 is seen when NO-84's digipeater is
off).
With a Kenwood TH-D72 or TM-D710G, or possibly other radios
or combinations of radios, you may be able to work the
FalconSat-3 satellite. AMSAT has information specifically
for that satellite at:
http://www.amsat.org/falconsat-3/
and there is a PDF file with an AMSAT Journal article I wrote
on working the FalconSat-3 digipeater on the Station and
Operating Hints page at the AMSAT web site:
https://www.amsat.org/station-and-operating-hints/
That article also touches on an experiment I did with a
TH-D74 and an SDR receiver. A little more to manage than a
single radio or piece of software, but another option for
those wanting to try FalconSat-3. I have not tried to use
the onboard mailbox/BBS system; just the digipeater.
73!
Patrick WD9EWK/VA7EWK
http://www.wd9ewk.net/
Twitter: @?????? or http://twitter.com/WD9EWK
> I have mastered packet exchange through the ISS and would love to do
> packets on the APRS satellites. However, I have not found an article, etc,.
> that tells how to do it. I understand that it is not quite the same as the
> ISS/digipeaters contacts. If one can't find an "instruction sheet", how can
> one participate? I was hoping that this year's AMSAT satellite book would
> give a clue, but due to obvious circumstances, the book has not been
> published. Since I am the only one in my ham clubs who does any packets at
> all, help is not going to come from local hams. I am very thankful for the
> help from some hams around the US who elmered me, so far. Brad KC9UQR
>
>
>
------------------------------
Message: 8
Date: Fri, 8 May 2020 15:38:55 -0400
From: "Cal Spreitzer" <n3cal@??.?????????.???>
To: "'Ray Soifer'" <rsoifer1@???.???>
Cc: amsat-bb@?????.???
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] FM vs Linear Transponders
Message-ID: <000001d62570$4fdf7de0$ef9e79a0$@?????????.???>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
For those wanting to get on the linear birds and work portable I think the
new Icom-705 might fit the bill. It will do both 144/430 MHZ full duplex
QRP and give a spectrum display as well. Very similar to IC-9700 with a
satellite mode. It looks promising. Far from the days of dual 817's.
Cal / N3CAL
-----Original Message-----
From: AMSAT-BB [mailto:amsat-bb-bounces@?????.???? On Behalf Of Ray Soifer
via AMSAT-BB
Sent: Friday, May 08, 2020 11:40 AM
To: amsat-bb@?????.???
Subject: [amsat-bb] FM vs Linear Transponders
Being neither a grid-chaser nor a ragchewer, I hesitate to get involved in
this debate, but my flak jacket is on so here goes.
There is a fundamental difference between FM satellites and linear
transponders: every LEO FM satellite that has been put up so far has only
one channel, while linear transponders can accommodate several QSOs at the
same time. Thus, for those of us operating from densely populated areas,
using an FM satellite to talk with friends seems a misuse of available
resources. It also creates an incentive to run excessive power in order to
keep others from taking over the channel. A linear transponder is much
better suited to that type of operation. Rapid-fire grid-chasing,
state-chasing or DX chasing, on the other hand, can easily make 3 or 4 QSOs
per minute, a more efficient use of a single-channel transponder.
That's my input. Now I'll go back to CW.
73 Ray W2RS
_______________________________________________
Sent via AMSAT-BB@?????.???. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions
expressed
are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
AMSAT-NA.
Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
Subscription settings: https://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
------------------------------
Message: 9
Date: Fri, 8 May 2020 19:51:39 +0000
From: Graham c <colonelkrypton@?????.???>
To: amsat-bb@?????.???
Subject: [amsat-bb] satellite cw beacon heard on about 145.820 MHz
Message-ID:
<CAJ2gCDtRkrL4tSoBnEiAyw0d_M01pD8-WyxR2jaq1JwSNzNAoQ@????.?????.???>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
I often set one of my FM radios on 145.825 when I am not actively doing
much else just on the oft chance I might hear the ISS pass by.
Yesterday and today while I was close to the radio I notice some CW
breaking the squelch on the radio and just now I fired up a SDR to see what
I could hear (and see).
Definitely a satellite (lots of doppler) frequency about as high as 145.820
and faded out at LOS around 145.812 around 2020-05-08 1945 UTC I am
located near Ottawa Canada.
CW around 15 wpm sending 10 characters like T1YBZGZDZZ. I didn't write down
every group - too busy trying to track.
A quick look through satellite / frequency listings didn't provide a quick
answer so I am wondering if someone might have an idea on what satellite
this is.
cheers, Graham ve3gtc
------------------------------
Message: 10
Date: Fri, 8 May 2020 16:03:23 -0400
From: Paul Stoetzer <n8hm@????.???>
To: Cal Spreitzer <n3cal@??.?????????.???>
Cc: Ray Soifer <rsoifer1@???.???>, "amsat-bb@?????.????
<amsat-bb@?????.???>
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] FM vs Linear Transponders
Message-ID:
<CABzOSOonehF_GFC35uqRnvtV1LbTV53V0ZiyX2Ht5rJfcawe3Q@????.?????.???>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
It does not have full-duplex. If it did, it?d be the radio I was looking
for!
73,
Paul, N8HM
On Friday, May 8, 2020, Cal Spreitzer via AMSAT-BB <amsat-bb@?????.???>
wrote:
> For those wanting to get on the linear birds and work portable I think the
> new Icom-705 might fit the bill. It will do both 144/430 MHZ full duplex
> QRP and give a spectrum display as well. Very similar to IC-9700 with a
> satellite mode. It looks promising. Far from the days of dual 817's.
>
> Cal / N3CAL
>
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: AMSAT-BB [mailto:amsat-bb-bounces@?????.???? On Behalf Of Ray
> Soifer via AMSAT-BB
> Sent: Friday, May 08, 2020 11:40 AM
> To: amsat-bb@?????.???
> Subject: [amsat-bb] FM vs Linear Transponders
>
> Being neither a grid-chaser nor a ragchewer, I hesitate to get involved in
> this debate, but my flak jacket is on so here goes.
>
> There is a fundamental difference between FM satellites and linear
> transponders: every LEO FM satellite that has been put up so far has only
> one channel, while linear transponders can accommodate several QSOs at the
> same time. Thus, for those of us operating from densely populated areas,
> using an FM satellite to talk with friends seems a misuse of available
> resources. It also creates an incentive to run excessive power in order to
> keep others from taking over the channel. A linear transponder is much
> better suited to that type of operation. Rapid-fire grid-chasing,
> state-chasing or DX chasing, on the other hand, can easily make 3 or 4 QSOs
> per minute, a more efficient use of a single-channel transponder.
>
> That's my input. Now I'll go back to CW.
>
> 73 Ray W2RS
>
> _______________________________________________
> Sent via AMSAT-BB@?????.???. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
> to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions
> expressed
> are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
> AMSAT-NA.
> Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
> Subscription settings: https://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
>
> _______________________________________________
> Sent via AMSAT-BB@?????.???. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
> to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions
> expressed
> are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
> AMSAT-NA.
> Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
> Subscription settings: https://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
>
------------------------------
Message: 11
Date: Fri, 8 May 2020 20:05:02 +0000
From: "Stephen E. Belter" <seb@??????.???>
To: James Johnson <va7cnd@????.??>, "amsat-bb@?????.????
<amsat-bb@?????.???>
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] PacComm Spirit 2
Message-ID: <D2692181-9E12-4993-ACA7-86F4104F3147@??????.???>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
James,
I have a PacComm Spirit-2 (satellite version), both manuals, the schematic,
and the box. It is probably working as I sent it back to PacComm for repair
after buying it at the flea market at Dayton (many years ago).
Please e-mail me off-list and we can see what works best for you.
73, Steve N9IP
--
Steve Belter, seb@??????.???
?On 5/8/20, 3:38 PM, "AMSAT-BB on behalf of James Johnson via AMSAT-BB"
<amsat-bb-bounces@?????.??? on behalf of amsat-bb@?????.???> wrote:
Would anyone have a copy of the manual for this TNC. I have lots of
PacComm manuals but the Spirit II was designed for satelitte work.
I know I'm playing with old technolgy but just like old tube gear its
fun to get it working.
James VE7HJ
Victoria BC
_______________________________________________
Sent via AMSAT-BB@?????.???. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership.
Opinions expressed
are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
AMSAT-NA.
Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
Subscription settings: https://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
------------------------------
Message: 12
Date: Fri, 8 May 2020 16:09:43 -0400
From: Robert Bruninga <bruninga@????.???>
To: amsat bb <amsat-bb@?????.???>
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] APRS Birds Summary Page
Message-ID: <14255c358cbfd5f7d0eec52ab123d0d8@????.?????.???>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
Here is the summary page for all APRS satellites:
http://aprs.org/sats.html
Though they say nothing about how to operate normal APRS. Assumed...
Bob, WB4APR
-----Original Message-----
From: AMSAT-BB <amsat-bb-bounces@?????.???> On Behalf Of Brad Smith via
AMSAT-BB
Sent: Friday, May 8, 2020 3:08 PM
To: amsat-bb@?????.???
Subject: [amsat-bb] APRS Birds
<Also, there is a lot of bandwidth on the APRS satellites
(Falconsat-3,ARISS, NO-84) and the PSK birds (NO-84, NO-104) waiting for
moreusers. Remember, with APRS you can do more than just send yourposition,
you can send messages back and forth and have a decentconversation. So for
those tired of the QRM on FM, consider givingthem a try.> I have mastered
packet exchange through the ISS and would love to do packets on the APRS
satellites. However, I have not found an article, etc,. that tells how to do
it. I understand that it is not quite the same as the ISS/digipeaters
contacts. If one can't find an "instruction sheet", how can one participate?
I was hoping that this year's AMSAT satellite book would give a clue, but
due to obvious circumstances, the book has not been published. Since I am
the only one in my ham clubs who does any packets at all, help is not going
to come from local hams. I am very thankful for the help from some hams
around the US who elmered me, so far. Brad KC9UQR
_______________________________________________
Sent via AMSAT-BB@?????.???. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available to all
interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions
expressed are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official
views of AMSAT-NA.
Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
Subscription settings: https://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
------------------------------
Subject: Digest Footer
_______________________________________________
Sent via amsat-bb@?????.???.
AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available to all interested persons worldwide
without requiring membership. Opinions expressed
are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
AMSAT-NA.
Not an AMSAT member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
https://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
------------------------------
End of AMSAT-BB Digest, Vol 15, Issue 148
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