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CX2SA  > SATDIG   31.05.16 17:11l 1254 Lines 43588 Bytes #999 (0) @ WW
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To  : SATDIG@WW

Today's Topics:

   1. Re: EsHail Microwave transponder satellite (Gregory Beat)
   2. Upcoming ARISS Contact Schedule as of 2016-05-31 07:00	UTC
      (AJ9N@xxx.xxxx
   3. Re: EsHail Microwave transponder satellite (Rico van Genugten)
   4. Re: Polarization (Doug Andrews)
   5. AO-85 and HTs (John KI4RO)
   6. EsHail Microwave transponder satellite (Remco)
   7. Re: EsHail Microwave transponder satellite (Rico van Genugten)
   8. School CubeSat Project + ESA announce winning amateurs (M5AKA)


----------------------------------------------------------------------

Message: 1
Date: Mon, 30 May 2016 20:34:19 -0500
From: Gregory Beat <w9gb@xxxxxx.xxx>
To: stanw1le@xxxxxxx.xxxx amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] EsHail Microwave transponder satellite
Message-ID: <71D7EAC8-5C51-4A29-8890-C562911545BB@xxxxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain;	charset=utf-8

The Es?Hail-2 satellite (Es?hailSat ? the Qatar Satellite Company) will be
in geostationary orbit at 25.5 degrees East, planned launch for December
2016 (SpaceX Falcon 9).
The coverage area of the amateur radio Narrowband (NB) and Wideband (WB)
transponders should extend from Brazil to Thailand (~ 50? West to 100? East
longitude).

Presentation on Es?hail by Peter Guelzow DB2OS, President of AMSAT-DL, at
the 2013 AMSAT-UK Colloquium http://www.batc.tv/streams/amsat1306

Updated Information posted by AMSAT-UK on their web site: May 21, 2016
https://amsat-uk.org/2016/05/21/eshail-2-geo-p4a-transponder-freqs/

Expected hardware requirements:

X-Band 10 GHz Downlink:
? 89 cm dishes in rainy areas at EOC like Brazil or Thailand
? 60 cm around coverage peak
? 75 cm dishes at peak -2dB
? NB: linear vertical polarisation
? WB: linear horizontal polarisation

S-Band 2.4 GHz NB-Uplink:
? narrow band modes like SSB, CW
? 5W nominal Uplink power (22.5 dBi antenna gain, 75cm dish)
? RHCP polarisation

S-Band 2.4 GHz WB-Uplink (DATV):
? wide band modes, DVB-S2
? peak EIRP of 53 dBW (2.4m dish and 100W) required
? RHCP polarisation

===

greg, w9gb


Sent from iPad Air

------------------------------

Message: 2
Date: Tue, 31 May 2016 02:32:18 -0400
From: AJ9N@xxx.xxx
To: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
Subject: [amsat-bb] Upcoming ARISS Contact Schedule as of 2016-05-31
07:00	UTC
Message-ID: <1bd017.61bc34c3.447e89f2@xxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"

Upcoming ARISS Contact Schedule as of 2016-05-31  07:00 UTC

Quick list of scheduled contacts and  events:

Venta School, Carp, ON, Canada, telebridge via  IK1SLD
The ISS callsign is presently scheduled to be OR4ISS
The scheduled  astronaut is Jeff Williams KD5TVQ
Contact was successful: Mon 2016-05-30  19:01:25 UTC 32 deg (***)

Bouze Island Elementary and Junior High  School, Homeji, Japan, direct via
8N3B
The ISS callsign is presently  scheduled to be NA1SS
The scheduled astronaut is Timothy Peake  KG5BVI
Contact is a go for: Sat 2016-06-04 08:31:09 UTC 74  deg

****************************************************************************
**

ARISS  is always glad to receive listener reports for the above contacts.
ARISS  thanks everyone in advance for their assistance.  Feel free to send
your  reports to aj9n@xxxxx.xxx or  aj9n@xxx.xxx.
****************************************************************************
***

All  ARISS contacts are made via the Ericsson radio unless otherwise  noted.

****************************************************************************
***

Several  of you have sent me emails asking about the RAC ARISS website and
not being  able to get in.  That has now been changed to
http://www.ariss.org/

Note that there are links to other ARISS  websites from this  site.

****************************************************************************
Looking  for something new to do?  How about receiving DATV from the  ISS?

If interested, then please go to the ARISS-EU website for  complete
details.  Look for the buttons indicating Ham  Video.


http://www.ariss-eu.org/

If you need some  assistance, ARISS mentor Kerry N6IZW, might be able to
provide some  insight.  Contact Kerry at  kbanke@xxxxxxxxx.xxx
****************************************************************************
ARISS  congratulations the following mentors who have now mentored over 100

schools:

Gaston ON4WF with 121
Satoshi 7M3TJZ with  118
Francesco IK?WGF with  116

****************************************************************************
The  webpages listed below were all reviewed for accuracy.  Out of date
webpages were removed and new ones have been added.  If there are
additional
ARISS websites I need to know about, please let me  know.

Note, all times are approximate.  It is recommended that you  do your own
orbital prediction or start listening about 10 minutes before  the listed
time.
All dates and  times listed follow International  Standard ISO 8061 date
and
time format  YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS

The  complete schedule page has been updated as of 2016-05-31 07:00 UTC.
(***)

Here you will find a listing of all scheduled school contacts, and
questions, other ISS related websites, IRLP and Echolink websites, and
instructions for any contact that may be streamed live.
http://www.amsat.org/amsat/ariss/news/arissnews.rtf

Total number of  ARISS ISS to earth school events is 1060. (***)
Each school counts as 1  event.
Total number of ARISS ISS to earth school contacts is 1025. (***)
Each contact may have multiple schools sharing the same time slot.
Total  number of ARISS supported terrestrial contacts is 47.

A complete year by  year breakdown of the contacts may be found in the
file.
http://www.amsat.org/amsat/ariss/news/arissnews.rtf

Please  feel free to contact me if more detailed statistics are  needed.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

The  following US states and entities have never had an ARISS contact:
Arkansas,  Delaware,South Dakota,Wyoming, American Samoa, Guam, Northern
Marianas Islands,  and the Virgin  Islands.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

QSL  information may be found at:
http://www.ariss.org/qsl-cards.html

ISS callsigns:  DP?ISS, IR?ISS, NA1SS, OR4ISS,  RS?ISS

****************************************************************************
The  successful school list has been updated as of 2016-05-31 07:00 UTC.
(***)

http://www.amsat.org/amsat/ariss/news/Successful_ARISS_schools.rtf

Frequency   chart for packet, voice, and crossband repeater modes showing
Doppler   correction  as of 2005-07-29 04:00  UTC
http://www.amsat.org/amsat/ariss/news/ISS_frequencies_and_Doppler_correction
.rtf

Listing  of ARISS related magazine articles as of 2006-07-10 03:30  UTC.
http://www.amsat.org/amsat/ariss/news/ARISS_magazine_articles.rtf

Check  out the Zoho reports of the ARISS  contacts

https://reports.zoho.com/ZDBDataSheetView.cc?DBID=412218000000020415
****************************************************************************
Exp.  46 on orbit
Tim Kopra KE5UDN
Timothy Peake KG5BVI
Yuri Malenchenko  RK3DUP

Exp. 47 on orbit
Jeff Williams KD5TVQ
Oleg Skripochka  RN3FU
Aleksey  Ovchinin

****************************************************************************

73,
Charlie   Sufana AJ9N
One of the ARISS operation team mentors



------------------------------

Message: 3
Date: Tue, 31 May 2016 10:01:02 +0200
From: Rico van Genugten <rico.van.genugten@xxxxx.xxx>
To: "Stan, W1LE" <stanw1le@xxxxxxx.xxx>
Cc: "amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxxx <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] EsHail Microwave transponder satellite
Message-ID:
<CAJdc4v6Tea0s6Vgai-U=vtL0Vvhkgbj+itxMrV5+FtmJgwAZ5A@xxxx.xxxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8

Hi Stan (and others),

For the downlink I'm going to use an off-the-shelf dish and LNB coupled to
an SDR. The LNB should have high gain and be very frequency stable. The
Octagon Optima series LNB's get a lot of praise and are very well suited
for this task, and they're cheap too: I picked up one for about 15 dollars,
check ebay. The local oscillator is at 9750 MHz, so to receive the start of
the pass band at 10489.55 MHz the SDR should be tuned to 739.55 MHz, most
SDR's should be capable of that. The pass band is a little bit below the
spec of the LNB which starts at 10700 MHz, but according to the
measurements done on the oe7forum linked below the -3 dB point of the LNB
is at 10048 MHz, so it should work just fine.

See also:
 - Octagon LNB spec:
http://www.oe7forum.at/download/file.php?id=1363&mode=view
 - Octagon LNB test: http://www.g4jnt.com/pll_lnb_tests.pdf
 - Description of a 10 GHz ground station (in german unfortunately, but the
pictures say a lot) http://dl3jin.de/10ghz_rx.htm
 - There is a lot of activity in Austria, maybe because satellite operation
with the current flock of birds is difficult when your horizon starts at 30
degrees elevation. :) http://www.oe7forum.at/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=468

For the uplink it's going to be something like a 70cm SSB-capable set, a 13
cm transverter, a PA if really necessary (but hopefully not when the
antenna gain and transverter output are high enough), all still to be
acquired.. The antenna is going to be a helical feed in the same dish as
the LNB, or maybe something like this, I'm not sure yet:
 - Quad helix array (sorry, german again): http://dl3jin.de/13cm_helix.htm

73,
Rico PA3RVG


On Tue, May 31, 2016 at 2:12 AM, Stan, W1LE <stanw1le@xxxxxxx.xxx> wrote:

> Hello The Net,
>
> What are other folks planning to use on the uplink 2400 MHz and the down
> link at 10,489 MHz, for the narrowband linear transponder ?
>
> Stab, W1LE    Cape Cod   FN41sr
>
> _______________________________________________
> Sent via AMSAT-BB@xxxxx.xxx. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
> to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions
> expressed
> are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
> AMSAT-NA.
> Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
> Subscription settings: http://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
>


------------------------------

Message: 4
Date: Mon, 30 May 2016 17:25:58 -0700
From: Doug Andrews <dougg27@xxxxxxx.xxx>
To: Ken Alexander <k.alexander@xxxxxx.xxx>, <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] Polarization
Message-ID: <COL401-EAS1231CF780609EB6D866E5B5B4460@xxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"



I too have wondered about this.
I have not had much trouble hitting SO-50 and some success on AO-85 with a 5
watt handheld and arrow antenna without turning it. Worth a try.
DougKG7UNU



Sent from my Sprint Samsung Galaxy? Note 4.

-------- Original message --------
From: Ken Alexander <k.alexander@xxxxxx.xxx>
Date: 5/30/16  4:41 PM  (GMT-08:00)
To: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
Subject: [amsat-bb] Polarization

I clipped this from another message because I didn't want to drag the
discussion off course.  It's a question I've been wondering about since
getting into this a few short weeks ago.

I've also read (but haven't tried yet) about the trick of rotating
the antenna 90 degrees on transmit, once you've established the best
receive orientation.

73 de Bill, KG5FQX

So far, with SO-20 I have rotated my Arrow antenna for best reception of
the downlink and don't think I've had too much trouble being heard. At
the same time I have wondered whether I should twist the antenna when
transmitting to orient the 2m elements to give the same polarization as
in receive. I don't know if this is a good idea or not, and frankly I
have enough trouble remembering calls and grids, tracking the satellite,
adjusting frequency and switching back to the correct VFO to worry about
one more thing.

I've seen that some commercial OSCAR antennas use circular polarization.
The antennas I see in the photos of satellites we work are whips. Is the
polarization becoming "circularized" as it re-enters earth's atmosphere
or something?

Comments and observations would be most welcome!

73,

Ken Alexander
VE3HLS, FN03

_______________________________________________
Sent via AMSAT-BB@xxxxx.xxx. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions
expressed
are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
AMSAT-NA.
Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
Subscription settings: http://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb


------------------------------

Message: 5
Date: Tue, 31 May 2016 00:35:28 -0400
From: John KI4RO <johnki4ro@xxxxx.xxx>
To: AMSAT Bulletin Board <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Subject: [amsat-bb] AO-85 and HTs
Message-ID:
<CA+-NL43=g5dVEC7BLGerKuZjxS0PtWohEQ86uE-3OqsjobDO1Q@xxxx.xxxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8

Kevin,
     The best advice I ever got on working AO-85 is to wait until your TCA
(Time of Closest Approach) before you try getting in.  I only have a couple
of Baofengs and an Arrow and have had some success working it; not like SO
50 success hi hi, but success nonetheless.  Good luck and hope to work you
some day.

73
John KI4RO
? EM88?


On Mon, May 30, 2016 at 9:06 PM, <amsat-bb-request@xxxxx.xxx> wrote:

> Send AMSAT-BB mailing list submissions to
>         amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
>
> To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
>         http://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
> or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
>         amsat-bb-request@xxxxx.xxx
>
> You can reach the person managing the list at
>         amsat-bb-owner@xxxxx.xxx
>
> When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
> than "Re: Contents of AMSAT-BB digest..."
>
>
> Today's Topics:
>
>    1. AO-85 & HT (Kevin Ehm)
>    2. Re: AO-85 & HT (Bill Dillon)
>    3. Re: AO-85 & HT (Bob)
>    4. Re: AO-85 & HT (John Becker)
>    5. Re: AO-85 & HT (Dave Webb KB1PVH)
>    6. Re: AO-85 & HT (Patrick STODDARD (WD9EWK/VA7EWK))
>    7. AO-85 & HT (Clayton Coleman)
>    8. Re: AO-85 & HT (Bill Dillon)
>    9. Re: AO-85 & HT (Peter Laws)
>   10. HT vs ??? (Fwd: [VHFcontesting] FS: Icom IC-9100 with     options
>       (Peter Laws)
>   11. Re: AO-85 & HT (Tim N8DEU)
>   12. Re: AO-85 & HT (Fernando Ramirez)
>   13. Polarization (Ken Alexander)
>   14. EsHail Microwave transponder satellite (Stan, W1LE)
>   15. Fwd: HamRadioNow: TAPR & APRS Forum Videos at 2016        Hamvention
>       (Mark Thompson)
>
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Message: 1
> Date: Mon, 30 May 2016 09:26:42 -0800
> From: Kevin Ehm <kevinehm@xxx.xxx>
> To: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
> Subject: [amsat-bb] AO-85 & HT
> Message-ID: <AFEBABC2-0FEE-4CF5-8B91-B3F35A31F354@xxx.xxx>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
>
> I?m having great difficulty hitting and receiving AO-85 with my Yaesu VX
> 6r.  I have read about the frequencies, and that I?m not alone in the boat
> with HT?s and only 5 watts.  I?m in BP51, and used to hit the easy ones
> when they were working.  Am I simply wasting my time with AO-85?
>
> Thanks,
> Kevin
> KL2RQ
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 2
> Date: Mon, 30 May 2016 13:06:08 -0500
> From: Bill Dillon <bill.g.dillon@xxxxx.xxx>
> To: AMSAT <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
> Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] AO-85 & HT
> Message-ID:
>         <CADnLNZzteoK1TPPxmr=_3HPddD=
> UFWDrTAXm7WxWR2qrUFyghA@xxxx.xxxxx.xxx>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
>
> Hi Kevin,
>
> No, you're not wasting your time with AO-85.  I also use a Yaesu VX 6R for
> all my Sat contacts, and have made several with AO-85.  That said, AO-85 is
> much more difficult to work for me than SO-50.  All my successful contacts
> have been made with an elevation above 45 degrees, so range may be a
> factor.  I've also read (but haven't tried yet) about the trick of rotating
> the antenna 90 degrees on transmit, once you've established the best
> receive orientation.
>
> 73 de Bill, KG5FQX
>
> On Mon, May 30, 2016 at 12:26 PM, Kevin Ehm <kevinehm@xxx.xxx> wrote:
>
> > I?m having great difficulty hitting and receiving AO-85 with my Yaesu VX
> > 6r.  I have read about the frequencies, and that I?m not alone in the
> boat
> > with HT?s and only 5 watts.  I?m in BP51, and used to hit the easy ones
> > when they were working.  Am I simply wasting my time with AO-85?
> >
> > Thanks,
> > Kevin
> > KL2RQ
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sent via AMSAT-BB@xxxxx.xxx. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
> > to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership.
> Opinions
> > expressed
> > are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
> > AMSAT-NA.
> > Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite
> program!
> > Subscription settings: http://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
> >
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 3
> Date: Mon, 30 May 2016 14:29:16 -0400
> From: Bob <WB4SON@xxxxx.xxx>
> To: Bill Dillon <bill.g.dillon@xxxxx.xxx>
> Cc: AMSAT <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
> Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] AO-85 & HT
> Message-ID:
>         <CAPonRZ9hsRG1wDU-EKG1Svf73R4a+7QBiFmSAVff2NNCb=
> q6ig@xxxx.xxxxx.xxx>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
>
> >From this post on the AMSAT.ORG website:  http://www.amsat.org/?p=4726
>
> "Probably the most notable observations about AO-85 are an apparent lack of
> sensitivity and difficulty in turning on the repeater with the 67 Hz CTCSS
> when it is not yet activated, or holding it on by the presence of the
> CTCSS.  We have determined a probable cause for the sensitivity issue and
> while that can?t be fixed on AO-85 we are taking steps to prevent similar
> issues on the rest of the Fox-1 CubeSats.  The tone detection threshold
> along with the receive sensitivity issue makes it hard to bring up the
> repeater."
>
> But like Bill said, you aren't wasting your time -- you will just find it
> harder to work through AO-85 than SO-50.  Trying to work it with low power
> and linear antennas when it is low on the horizon won't be a great return
> on the time invested.
>
> On the other hand, if you can't hear it then perhaps you have other RX
> issues -- AO-85's TX signal is quite strong (the voice ID will be picked up
> even without other activity).
>
> 73, Bob, WB4SON
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 4
> Date: Mon, 30 May 2016 13:16:18 -0500
> From: John Becker <w0jab@xxxxxxxxx.xxx>
> To: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
> Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] AO-85 & HT
> Message-ID: <ac89fc10-cd5b-83d5-745b-c2ea352f223f@xxxxxxxxx.xxx>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed
>
> Is there a reason for using a HT and not a desk top rig such as FT847?
>
> John
>
>
> On 5/30/2016 12:26 PM, Kevin Ehm wrote:
> > I?m having great difficulty hitting and receiving AO-85 with my Yaesu VX
> 6r.  I have read about the frequencies, and that I?m not alone in the boat
> with HT?s and only 5 watts.  I?m in BP51, and used to hit the easy ones
> when they were working.  Am I simply wasting my time with AO-85?
> >
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 5
> Date: Mon, 30 May 2016 14:38:30 -0400
> From: Dave Webb KB1PVH <kb1pvh@xxxxx.xxx>
> To: AMSAT -BB <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
> Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] AO-85 & HT
> Message-ID:
>         <CAEMY9FeeFMWee_=c3g=5WKazu-uO61p=
> U0p5FU3X--s9FknapA@xxxx.xxxxx.xxx>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
>
> John,
>
> I'm guessing not everyone has a radio like an FT-847 but they have an HT or
> 2. It's also easier to carry an HT outside vs. an 847.
>
> Dave-KB1PVH
>
> Sent from my Samsung S4
> On May 30, 2016 2:32 PM, "John Becker" <w0jab@xxxxxxxxx.xxx> wrote:
>
> > Is there a reason for using a HT and not a desk top rig such as FT847?
> >
> > John
> >
> >
> > On 5/30/2016 12:26 PM, Kevin Ehm wrote:
> >
> >> I?m having great difficulty hitting and receiving AO-85 with my Yaesu VX
> >> 6r.  I have read about the frequencies, and that I?m not alone in the
> boat
> >> with HT?s and only 5 watts.  I?m in BP51, and used to hit the easy ones
> >> when they were working.  Am I simply wasting my time with AO-85?
> >>
> >>
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sent via AMSAT-BB@xxxxx.xxx. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
> > to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership.
> Opinions
> > expressed
> > are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
> > AMSAT-NA.
> > Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite
> program!
> > Subscription settings: http://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
> >
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 6
> Date: Mon, 30 May 2016 18:39:32 +0000
> From: "Patrick STODDARD (WD9EWK/VA7EWK)" <amsat-bb@xxxxxx.xxx>
> To: "amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxxx <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
> Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] AO-85 & HT
> Message-ID:
>         <
> CAN6TEUdQLEWUuhedQPn7vBXneiPQmhBcqbWaxixbRDUMwZABZw@xxxx.xxxxx.xxx>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
>
> Hi John!
>
> For some, HTs are the only radios they may have. For others, it
> is the challenge of using portable/QRP equipment to work the satellite.
> It can be done, as WB4SON mentioned earlier (and others on this list
> over the past few months). Not all passes will lead to success for
> those using HTs with AO-85, but with planning many have had success
> working this satellite with HTs. I'm in that group, using several
> different HTs and combinations of radios to work AO-85 since its
> launch - and using a few of the Chinese-made HTs to work it full-
> duplex.
>
> 73!
>
>
>
>
> Patrick WD9EWK/VA7EWK
> http://www.wd9ewk.net/
> Twitter: @xxxxxx
>
>
>
>
>
> Is there a reason for using a HT and not a desk top rig such as FT847?
> >
> > John
> >
> >
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 7
> Date: Mon, 30 May 2016 13:46:37 -0500
> From: Clayton Coleman <kayakfishtx@xxxxx.xxx>
> To: AMSAT-BB <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
> Subject: [amsat-bb] AO-85 & HT
> Message-ID:
>         <CAPovOwc=
> DHFpp+rM_7AZT0UqOQdm7ans43PbEr3vk-HJUCzMJw@xxxx.xxxxx.xxx>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
>
> Because an FT-847 is hard to hold in one hand with an Arrow pointed at the
> sky in your other hand.
>
> 73
> Clayton
> W5PFG
>
> > Is there a reason for using a HT and not a desk top rig such as FT847?
> >
> > John
> >
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 8
> Date: Mon, 30 May 2016 13:47:45 -0500
> From: Bill Dillon <bill.g.dillon@xxxxx.xxx>
> To: AMSAT <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
> Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] AO-85 & HT
> Message-ID:
>         <
> CADnLNZwXUAME1QnX5HxWJq13+sD-M8d8iBRJzQ3S4WAXB3LhQg@xxxx.xxxxx.xxx>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
>
> Yep:  for me it's portability and ease of use.  No worries about power
> supply, or having a table to set up, just grab and go to a near-by field
> where I have a good horizon.
>
> At some point it would be nice to have a roof-mounted, sat-tracking antenna
> for an indoor rig (no mosquitoes!), but I'm not there yet.
>
> 73 de Bill, KG5FQX
>
> On Mon, May 30, 2016 at 1:16 PM, John Becker <w0jab@xxxxxxxxx.xxx> wrote:
>
> > Is there a reason for using a HT and not a desk top rig such as FT847?
> >
> > John
> >
> >
> > On 5/30/2016 12:26 PM, Kevin Ehm wrote:
> >
> >> I?m having great difficulty hitting and receiving AO-85 with my Yaesu VX
> >> 6r.  I have read about the frequencies, and that I?m not alone in the
> boat
> >> with HT?s and only 5 watts.  I?m in BP51, and used to hit the easy ones
> >> when they were working.  Am I simply wasting my time with AO-85?
> >>
> >>
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sent via AMSAT-BB@xxxxx.xxx. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
> > to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership.
> Opinions
> > expressed
> > are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
> > AMSAT-NA.
> > Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite
> program!
> > Subscription settings: http://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
> >
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 9
> Date: Mon, 30 May 2016 14:06:32 -0500
> From: Peter Laws <plaws0@xxxxx.xxx>
> To: Clayton Coleman <kayakfishtx@xxxxx.xxx>
> Cc: AMSAT-BB <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
> Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] AO-85 & HT
> Message-ID:
>         <CANVAiQ_MiVEQPBwqo2s=Fe1rVhwT0WzrnpKuD+=-
> SCmAibeA-w@xxxx.xxxxx.xxx>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
>
> On Mon, May 30, 2016 at 1:46 PM, Clayton Coleman <kayakfishtx@xxxxx.xxx>
> wrote:
> > Because an FT-847 is hard to hold in one hand with an Arrow pointed at
> the
> > sky in your other hand.
>
> Neck straps, brother, neck straps.  :-D
>
>
>
>
> --
> Peter Laws | N5UWY | plaws plaws net | Travel by Train!
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 10
> Date: Mon, 30 May 2016 14:09:39 -0500
> From: Peter Laws <plaws0@xxxxx.xxx>
> To: AMSAT-BB <AMSAT-BB@xxxxx.xxx>
> Subject: [amsat-bb] HT vs ??? (Fwd: [VHFcontesting] FS: Icom IC-9100
>         with    options
> Message-ID:
>         <
> CANVAiQ_px4hs5Tg79RhWgoJfXRJ-t_UGrLgMSU+7+xCu1P8sGA@xxxx.xxxxx.xxx>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
>
> Here is another reason why some ops use HTs.
>
> How many Baofengs can you buy for $2000?  50?  60?
>
> That said, this is a pretty good price for a 9100.  Note that it has
> the D-STAR board and roofing filters.
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Dave Whaley <nt9e@xxxxxxx.xxx>
> Date: Sun, May 29, 2016 at 5:28 PM
> Subject: [VHFcontesting] FS: Icom IC-9100 with options
> To: VHFcontesting@xxxxxxxxxx.xxx
>
>
> For Sale: Icom IC-9100 $2000 FIRM.
> 160m-10/6/2/70cm (1.2g option NOT included)
> AM/CW/DV/FM/SSB
> Installed options include DV board, 3khz and 6khz Roofing Filters
> Purchased used in 2013. Installed options later.
> Works great on all bands. The display is getting dim when turned on
> but brightness increases within a few seconds and full brightness
> within in a minute or two. Pick up preferable but will ship at your
> cost.
> --
> Signiture *
>
> *
> _______________________________________________
> VHFcontesting mailing list
> VHFcontesting@xxxxxxxxxx.xxx
> http://lists.contesting.com/mailman/listinfo/vhfcontesting
>
>
> --
> Peter Laws | N5UWY | plaws plaws net | Travel by Train!
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 11
> Date: Mon, 30 May 2016 14:12:05 -0500
> From: Tim N8DEU <n8deu@xxxxxxx.xxx>
> To: Clayton Coleman <kayakfishtx@xxxxx.xxx>, AMSAT-BB
>         <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
> Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] AO-85 & HT
> Message-ID: <BAY407-EAS176CB68CDD5529957A590DBFE450@xxx.xxx>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
>
> I seen a person use an FT-847 sitting on the rooftop of their car at an
> AMSAT Symposium years ago with an Arrow in one hand and their wrist resting
> on the top edge of the car for support to hold the antenna. The other hand
> was free to hold the microphone and tune the radio. Just a thought on the
> mechanics of the operation.
>
> The car rooftop put the radio at a comfortable eye level position. It
> appeared more portable in that arrangement rather than luggable hanging on
> a shoulder...
>
>
> Tim - N8DEU
>
> Sent from my Windows Phone
> ________________________________
> From: Clayton Coleman<mailto:kayakfishtx@xxxxx.xxx>
> Sent: ?5/?30/?2016 1:46 PM
> To: AMSAT-BB<mailto:amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
> Subject: [amsat-bb] AO-85 & HT
>
> Because an FT-847 is hard to hold in one hand with an Arrow pointed at the
> sky in your other hand.
>
> 73
> Clayton
> W5PFG
>
> > Is there a reason for using a HT and not a desk top rig such as FT847?
> >
> > John
> >
> _______________________________________________
> Sent via AMSAT-BB@xxxxx.xxx. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
> to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions
> expressed
> are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
> AMSAT-NA.
> Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
> Subscription settings: http://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 12
> Date: Mon, 30 May 2016 12:48:47 -0700
> From: Fernando Ramirez <framirezferrer@xxxxx.xxx>
> To: Dave Webb KB1PVH <kb1pvh@xxxxx.xxx>, AMSAT -BB
>         <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
> Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] AO-85 & HT
> Message-ID: <574c9920.c729620a.4e0c5.2d5b@xx.xxxxxx.xxx>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
>
> For me working AO-85 while QRP is all about the challenge. Of course, it
> is way easier for me to work that satellite with 50 watts from a mobile
> rig, but my most memorable QSOs on AO-85 (and SO-50) were achieved using
> only a handheld antenna and a 4 watts handheld.
>
> >From southern Arizona, I have worked as far as Alaska, Yukon Territory,
> Curacao on SO-50 (that last one not easy from the Southwest) and Guadaloupe
> Island on AO-85. My AO-85, 5,282km QSO with FG8OJ was completed on a 2
> degrees pass using an UV-B5/FT-817nd and Arrow antenna.
>
> It takes planning, practice, but above all, patience and perseverance!
>
> 73
> Fernando, NP4JV
>
>
>
> Sent from Mail for Windows 10
>
> From: Dave Webb KB1PVH
> Sent: Monday, May 30, 2016 11:38 AM
> To: AMSAT -BB
> Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] AO-85 & HT
>
> John,
>
> I'm guessing not everyone has a radio like an FT-847 but they have an HT or
> 2. It's also easier to carry an HT outside vs. an 847.
>
> Dave-KB1PVH
>
> Sent from my Samsung S4
> On May 30, 2016 2:32 PM, "John Becker" <w0jab@xxxxxxxxx.xxx> wrote:
>
> > Is there a reason for using a HT and not a desk top rig such as FT847?
> >
> > John
> >
> >
> > On 5/30/2016 12:26 PM, Kevin Ehm wrote:
> >
> >> I?m having great difficulty hitting and receiving AO-85 with my Yaesu VX
> >> 6r.  I have read about the frequencies, and that I?m not alone in the
> boat
> >> with HT?s and only 5 watts.  I?m in BP51, and used to hit the easy ones
> >> when they were working.  Am I simply wasting my time with AO-85?
> >>
> >>
> > _______________________________________________
> > Sent via AMSAT-BB@xxxxx.xxx. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
> > to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership.
> Opinions
> > expressed
> > are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
> > AMSAT-NA.
> > Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite
> program!
> > Subscription settings: http://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
> >
> _______________________________________________
> Sent via AMSAT-BB@xxxxx.xxx. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
> to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions
> expressed
> are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
> AMSAT-NA.
> Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
> Subscription settings: http://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 13
> Date: Mon, 30 May 2016 19:40:51 -0400
> From: Ken Alexander <k.alexander@xxxxxx.xxx>
> To: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
> Subject: [amsat-bb] Polarization
> Message-ID: <6833ea1b-38c8-d71e-31bf-e4e46d539bbe@xxxxxx.xxx>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed
>
> I clipped this from another message because I didn't want to drag the
> discussion off course.  It's a question I've been wondering about since
> getting into this a few short weeks ago.
>
> I've also read (but haven't tried yet) about the trick of rotating
> the antenna 90 degrees on transmit, once you've established the best
> receive orientation.
>
> 73 de Bill, KG5FQX
>
> So far, with SO-20 I have rotated my Arrow antenna for best reception of
> the downlink and don't think I've had too much trouble being heard. At
> the same time I have wondered whether I should twist the antenna when
> transmitting to orient the 2m elements to give the same polarization as
> in receive. I don't know if this is a good idea or not, and frankly I
> have enough trouble remembering calls and grids, tracking the satellite,
> adjusting frequency and switching back to the correct VFO to worry about
> one more thing.
>
> I've seen that some commercial OSCAR antennas use circular polarization.
> The antennas I see in the photos of satellites we work are whips. Is the
> polarization becoming "circularized" as it re-enters earth's atmosphere
> or something?
>
> Comments and observations would be most welcome!
>
> 73,
>
> Ken Alexander
> VE3HLS, FN03
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 14
> Date: Mon, 30 May 2016 20:12:36 -0400
> From: "Stan, W1LE" <stanw1le@xxxxxxx.xxx>
> To: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
> Subject: [amsat-bb] EsHail Microwave transponder satellite
> Message-ID: <ed5618f0-a79c-cca2-10d1-a52bcb029096@xxxxxxx.xxx>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed
>
> Hello The Net,
>
> What are other folks planning to use on the uplink 2400 MHz and the down
> link at 10,489 MHz, for the narrowband linear transponder ?
>
> Stab, W1LE    Cape Cod   FN41sr
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 15
> Date: Tue, 31 May 2016 01:06:13 +0000 (UTC)
> From: Mark Thompson <wb9qzb_groups@xxxxx.xxx>
> To: "amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxxx <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>,
>         "freetel-codec2@xxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxx.xxxx
>         <freetel-codec2@xxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxx.xxx>,         "
> hpsdr@xxxxx.xxxxxxxxx.xxxx
>         <hpsdr@xxxxx.xxxxxxxxx.xxx>
> Subject: [amsat-bb] Fwd: HamRadioNow: TAPR & APRS Forum Videos at 2016
>         Hamvention
> Message-ID:
>         <1827138181.1988698.1464656773481.JavaMail.yahoo@xxxx.xxxxx.xxx>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
>
>
>
>
> 2016 ARRL/TAPR DCC (Digital Communications Conference)?
> Setember 16 - 18, 2016?St. Petersburg, FLhttp://www.tapr.org/dcc
>
> More Information about TAPR at:?http://www.tapr.org/
>
> #yiv8144038305 --
>
.yiv8144038305ygrp-photo-title{clear:both;font-size:smaller;height:15px;overfl
ow:hidden;text-align:center;width:75px;}#yiv8144038305
>
div.yiv8144038305ygrp-photo{background-position:center;background-repeat:no-re
peat;background-color:white;border:1px
> solid black;height:62px;width:62px;}#yiv8144038305
> div.yiv8144038305photo-title a, #yiv8144038305 div.yiv8144038305photo-title
> a:active, #yiv8144038305 div.yiv8144038305photo-title a:hover,
> #yiv8144038305 div.yiv8144038305photo-title a:visited
> {text-decoration:none;}#yiv8144038305 div.yiv8144038305attach-table
> div.yiv8144038305attach-row {clear:both;}#yiv8144038305
> div.yiv8144038305attach-table div.yiv8144038305attach-row div
> {float:left;}#yiv8144038305 p {clear:both;padding:15px 0 3px
> 0;overflow:hidden;}#yiv8144038305 div.yiv8144038305ygrp-file
> {width:30px;}#yiv8144038305 div.yiv8144038305attach-table
> div.yiv8144038305attach-row div div a {text-decoration:none;}#yiv8144038305
> div.yiv8144038305attach-table div.yi
>  v8144038305attach-row div div span {font-weight:normal;}#yiv8144038305
> div.yiv8144038305ygrp-file-title {font-weight:bold;}#yiv8144038305
> #yiv8144038305 -- #yiv8144038305ygrp-mkp {border:1px solid
> #d8d8d8;font-family:Arial;margin:10px 0;padding:0 10px;}#yiv8144038305
> #yiv8144038305ygrp-mkp hr {border:1px solid #d8d8d8;}#yiv8144038305
> #yiv8144038305ygrp-mkp #yiv8144038305hd
> {color:#628c2a;font-size:85%;font-weight:700;line-height:122%;margin:10px
> 0;}#yiv8144038305 #yiv8144038305ygrp-mkp #yiv8144038305ads
> {margin-bottom:10px;}#yiv8144038305 #yiv8144038305ygrp-mkp .yiv8144038305ad
> {padding:0 0;}#yiv8144038305 #yiv8144038305ygrp-mkp .yiv8144038305ad p
> {margin:0;}#yiv8144038305 #yiv8144038305ygrp-mkp .yiv8144038305ad a
> {color:#0000ff;text-decoration:none;}#yiv8144038305 ----- Forwarded Message
> -----
>  From: "kn4aqgary@xxxxx.xxx [HamRadioNow]" <HamRadioNow@xxxxxxxxxxx.xxx>
>  To: HamRadioNow@xxxxxxxxxxx.xxx
>  Sent: Monday, May 30, 2016 5:46 PM
>  Subject: [HamRadioNow] HamRadioNow: TAPR, APRS Forums from the Hamvention
>
> The TAPR forum and APRS forum videos are both up now on HamRadioNow!
> 73, Gary KN4AQ
>
> Agenda (Presentation Start Time)?1:10 Steve Bible N7HPR Intro/Welcome/DCC
> Announcement15:00 Kai Siwiak KE4PT, QEX Editor18:45 SatNOTS: Corey Shields
> KB9JHU42:00 HamWAN: Bryan Fields W9CR1:14:00 SDR Disrupt: Chris Testa
> KD2BMH1:34:50 HackRF Update: Mike Ossmann AD0NR
>
> __._,_.___   Posted by: kn4aqgary@xxxxx.xxx
>
>   Visit Your Group
>     ? Privacy ? Unsubscribe ? Terms of Use
> __,_._,___
>
>
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Subject: Digest Footer
>
> _______________________________________________
> Sent via amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx.
> AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available to all interested persons
> worldwide without requiring membership.  Opinions expressed
> are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
> AMSAT-NA.
> Not an AMSAT member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
> http://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
>
> ------------------------------
>
> End of AMSAT-BB Digest, Vol 11, Issue 174
> *****************************************
>


------------------------------

Message: 6
Date: Tue, 31 May 2016 12:07:22 +0200
From: Remco <pa3fym@xxxxx.xxx>
To: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
Subject: [amsat-bb] EsHail Microwave transponder satellite
Message-ID: <201605311207.23055.pa3fym@xxxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain;  charset="us-ascii"

>What are other folks planning to use on the uplink 2400 MHz and the down
>link at 10,489 MHz, for the narrowband linear transponder ?
I will use a cheap injection locked X-band PLL LNB with dielectric rod
and additional converter to let the NB transponder land inside one of the
bands my transceivers accomodate.
For the S-band uplink a dedicated (simple!) TX converter is now prototyped.
Output of the converter will be around 5 dBm to be inserted in an old UMTS
(2.1 GHz) module, capable of delivering around 20 - 30W at 2400 MHz on the
bench with this drive. Of course uplink output can be tweaked.
I am also busy with the dual band feed, of which the downlink of course is
inside the LNB.

For the uplink I made a 6 turn LHCP helix but am now fiddling with the
matching due to
mechanical boundary conditions. At this moment of writing I (still) haven't
a good match
but I reckon this mechanical issue will be solved soon.
Secondly I need to experiment with the phase centers of both up- and downlink
to maximise overall efficiency. Even when I'm not able to equalise both
phase centers
I have some room in my uplink budget to compensate for suboptimal
illumination.
In my prototype the LNB looks 'through' the helix.
Antenna will be a Triax 88cm broadcast satellite dish with f/D of around 0.6.
All internal frequencies will be/are locked to GPS which allows my idea of
building a
SUT (satellite user terminal) [for portable use] in conjunction with one (1)
transceiver.
In other words, my concept will be that Es'hail2 behaves like a normal
amateur band, albeit with some delay ;-)
Remco PA3FYM




------------------------------

Message: 7
Date: Tue, 31 May 2016 16:28:48 +0200
From: Rico van Genugten <rico.van.genugten@xxxxx.xxx>
To: Remco <pa3fym@xxxxx.xxx>
Cc: "amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxxx <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] EsHail Microwave transponder satellite
Message-ID:
<CAJdc4v4g7dMYjr-3i6BOues2ZLmm79mEViBGtHiXCnsrgowRjQ@xxxx.xxxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8

Hi Remco,

Sounds like you made a lot of progress on your Es'HailSat2 groundstation
already. I would be interested to learn more about your transverter design
and where you got the UMTS PA, and I'm sure some other people on this list
too. :)

Rico PA3RVG



On Tue, May 31, 2016 at 12:07 PM, Remco <pa3fym@xxxxx.xxx> wrote:

> >What are other folks planning to use on the uplink 2400 MHz and the down
> >link at 10,489 MHz, for the narrowband linear transponder ?
> I will use a cheap injection locked X-band PLL LNB with dielectric rod
> and additional converter to let the NB transponder land inside one of the
> bands my transceivers accomodate.
> For the S-band uplink a dedicated (simple!) TX converter is now prototyped.
> Output of the converter will be around 5 dBm to be inserted in an old UMTS
> (2.1 GHz) module, capable of delivering around 20 - 30W at 2400 MHz on the
> bench with this drive. Of course uplink output can be tweaked.
> I am also busy with the dual band feed, of which the downlink of course is
> inside the LNB.
>
> For the uplink I made a 6 turn LHCP helix but am now fiddling with the
> matching due to
> mechanical boundary conditions. At this moment of writing I (still)
> haven't a good match
> but I reckon this mechanical issue will be solved soon.
> Secondly I need to experiment with the phase centers of both up- and
> downlink
> to maximise overall efficiency. Even when I'm not able to equalise both
> phase centers
> I have some room in my uplink budget to compensate for suboptimal
> illumination.
> In my prototype the LNB looks 'through' the helix.
> Antenna will be a Triax 88cm broadcast satellite dish with f/D of around
> 0.6.
> All internal frequencies will be/are locked to GPS which allows my idea of
> building a
> SUT (satellite user terminal) [for portable use] in conjunction with one
> (1) transceiver.
> In other words, my concept will be that Es'hail2 behaves like a normal
> amateur band, albeit with some delay ;-)
> Remco PA3FYM
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Sent via AMSAT-BB@xxxxx.xxx. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
> to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions
> expressed
> are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
> AMSAT-NA.
> Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
> Subscription settings: http://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
>


------------------------------

Message: 8
Date: Tue, 31 May 2016 14:51:24 +0000 (UTC)
From: M5AKA <m5aka@xxxxx.xx.xx>
To: AMSAT BB <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Subject: [amsat-bb] School CubeSat Project + ESA announce winning
amateurs
Message-ID:
<914883661.3891916.1464706284795.JavaMail.yahoo@xxxx.xxxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8

Issue 214 of AMSAT-UK amateur radio satellite publication OSCAR News is now
available for members to download
https://amsat-uk.org/2016/05/31/oscar-news-issue-214/

ARISS school contacts explained on radio show
https://amsat-uk.org/2016/05/30/ariss-local-radio/

ARISS contact in The Observer newspaper
https://amsat-uk.org/2016/05/30/ariss-contact-observer/

Robertsville Middle School CubeSat Project
https://amsat-uk.org/2016/05/29/robertsville-middle-school-cubesat/

Successful launch for SSB/CW transponder satellite ?USAT-1
https://amsat-uk.org/2016/05/17/nusat-1-ssb-cubesat/

ESA Announces Winning Radio Amateurs
https://amsat-uk.org/2016/05/27/esa-radio-ham-winners/

This year's AMSAT-UK Colloquium takes place July 29-31 at the Holiday Inn,
Guildford and is open to all https://amsat-uk.org/colloquium/


73 Trevor M5AKA
----
AMSAT-UK?http://amsat-uk.org/
Twitter?https://twitter.com/AmsatUK
Facebook https://facebook.com/AmsatUK
YouTube?https://youtube.com/AmsatUK
----


------------------------------

Subject: Digest Footer

_______________________________________________
Sent via amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx.
AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available to all interested persons worldwide
without requiring membership.  Opinions expressed
are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
AMSAT-NA.
Not an AMSAT member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
http://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb

------------------------------

End of AMSAT-BB Digest, Vol 11, Issue 175
*****************************************


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