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CX2SA > SATDIG 24.02.17 08:45l 693 Lines 23136 Bytes #999 (0) @ WW
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Subj: AMSAT-BB-digest V12 50
Path: IW8PGT<CX2SA
Sent: 170224/0637Z @:CX2SA.SAL.URY.SOAM #:935 [Salto] FBB7.00e $:AMSATBB1250
From: CX2SA@CX2SA.SAL.URY.SOAM
To : SATDIG@WW
Today's Topics:
1. Re: solar panels (Glen Zook)
2. Re: NO-84 (Mike Rupprecht)
3. Please Post To The BB (Tom Jones)
4. Fwd: Please Post To The BB (Martha)
5. NO-84 (KO6TZ Bob)
6. ARISS packet not head (Richard Lawn)
7. Re: ARISS packet not head (John Brier)
8. Re: ARISS packet not head (Phil Karn)
9. spam to ka9q@xxxxx.xxx (Phil Karn)
10. Re: BY70-1 (Phil Karn)
11. Re: BY70-1 (Scott)
12. Re: BY70-1 (Phil Karn)
13. Re: ARISS packet not head (Scott)
14. Re: BY70-1 (Phil Karn)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message: 1
Date: Thu, 23 Feb 2017 15:29:25 +0000 (UTC)
From: Glen Zook <gzook@xxxxx.xxx>
To: Nick Pugh <quadpugh@xxxxxxxxx.xxx>, "amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxxx
<amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] solar panels
Message-ID: <838666162.4637626.1487863765260@xxxx.xxxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
What size, or sizes, that is physical, do you need? ?I acquired a fair
number of solar cells a while back for which I have no need.
?Glen, K9STH?
Website: http://k9sth.net
From: Nick Pugh <quadpugh@xxxxxxxxx.xxx>
To: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
Sent: Thursday, February 23, 2017 2:51 AM
Subject: [amsat-bb] solar panels
Hello List
Spectra Labs discontinued producing the TASC solar cells. We are looking for
alternative or teams that might have surplus cells. I have heard about
company that sells left over cutting of cells.? We appreciate any
information you have regarding small cells.
nick k5qxj
_______________________________________________
Sent via AMSAT-BB@xxxxx.xxx. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions
expressed
are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
AMSAT-NA.
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------------------------------
Message: 2
Date: Thu, 23 Feb 2017 16:37:03 +0100
From: "Mike Rupprecht" <mail@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xx>
To: "'Joe'" <nss@xxx.xxx>, <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] NO-84
Message-ID: <000001d28dea$ae9fd620$0bdf8260$@xx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Hi Joe,
The PSK transponder can not be switched off. It's always ON in AUTO Mode.
We have two modes:
Mode A - transmitter always on (by command)
Mode B - transmitter turns on if a BPSK31 signal is present -> thats the
default mode
See this example:
[PSK ON]
W3ADO-5 beacon A 023 00 22 807 251 +6
W3ADO-5 beacon A 024 00 22 806 251 +8
W3ADO-5 beacon A 030 03 23 795 252 +13
W3ADO-5 beacon A 031 00 22 794 252 +13
...
W3ADO-5 beacon A 040 00 23 790 249 +16
W3ADO-5 beacon A 041 15 23 788 249 +17
W3ADO-5 . [reset]
W3ADO-5 beacon A 000 12 23 797 247 +16
W3ADO-5 beacon A 001 00 23 790 249 +17
[PSK AUTO mode ON]
W3ADO-5 beacon B 002 34 34 803 245 +12
W3ADO-5 beacon B 003 99 33 791 249 +15
73 Mike
DK3WN
-----Urspr?ngliche Nachricht-----
Von: AMSAT-BB [mailto:amsat-bb-bounces@xxxxx.xxxx Im Auftrag von Joe
Gesendet: 23 February 2017 14:34
An: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
Betreff: Re: [amsat-bb] NO-84
Hi Paul,
Are your sure? Or Possibly it is the other way around? Where the PSK is what
gets shut off?
Reason asking is My 10 meter side has been no problem, even 5 watts, is
enough to activate her. My weak side has been the recv.
But Sunday I put together a 70 cm 9 ele beam and listened and on both passes
not only was it full quieting it was FULL SCALE!!
Then at the 00Z pass this evening I was ready for transmit too.
I listened first and heard nothing, about mid way I started transmitting,
and nothing at 5 watts, 20,, 50 and even 100 not once did she come awake.
Does this happen?
Joe WB9SBD
Sig
The Original Rolling Ball Clock
Idle Tyme
Idle-Tyme.com
http://www.idle-tyme.com
On 2/22/2017 5:35 PM, Paul Stoetzer wrote:
> The power budget of the satellite is not able to sustain both the
> digipeater and the PSK31 transponder throughout all parts of the
> orbit. When the battery voltage drops below a certain threshold, the
> secondary mission of the satellite, the digipeater, is shut off. The
> primary mission, the PSK31 transponder, remains operational.
>
> When the eclipse percentage of the orbit drops, one of the command
> stations will turn the digipeater on again.
>
> 73,
>
> Paul, N8HM
>
> On Wed, Feb 22, 2017 at 6:30 PM, <skristof@xxxxxxx.xxx> wrote:
>> NO-84 seems to have its ears turned off for the few days. Anyone know
>> what's happening there?
>>
>> Steve AI9IN
>> _______________________________________________
>> Sent via AMSAT-BB@xxxxx.xxx. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
>> to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership.
>> Opinions expressed are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the
official views of AMSAT-NA.
>> Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite
program!
>> Subscription settings: http://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
> _______________________________________________
> Sent via AMSAT-BB@xxxxx.xxx. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
> to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership.
> Opinions expressed are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the
official views of AMSAT-NA.
> Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
> Subscription settings: http://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
>
>
>
_______________________________________________
Sent via AMSAT-BB@xxxxx.xxx. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available to all
interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions
expressed are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official
views of AMSAT-NA.
Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
Subscription settings: http://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
------------------------------
Message: 3
Date: Thu, 23 Feb 2017 14:15:00 +0000
From: Tom Jones <tom.jones@xxxxxx.xxx>
To: "amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxxx <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Subject: [amsat-bb] Please Post To The BB
Message-ID:
<BY1PR0701MB109482DD9A6BC465DE06023683530@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxx.xxxxxx
x.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Folks
Boy Scout Merit Badge. We will be working So50, Ao85 passes Saturday Feb 25
Morning.
Please QSO with the boys.
Regards
Tom KC2DTQ@xxxxx New York
------------------------------
Message: 4
Date: Thu, 23 Feb 2017 10:52:47 -0500
From: Martha <martha@xxxxx.xxx>
To: AMSAT BB <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Subject: [amsat-bb] Fwd: Please Post To The BB
Message-ID:
<CAPk0USz4yc1MF8dgtbr5V9OpObvNjo-xgwj+3cNd-os-Fm1c6w@xxxx.xxxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Tom Jones <tom.jones@xxxxxx.xxx>
Date: Thu, Feb 23, 2017 at 9:15 AM
Subject: [amsat-bb] Please Post To The BB
To: "amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxxx <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Folks
Boy Scout Merit Badge. We will be working So50, Ao85 passes Saturday Feb 25
Morning.
Please QSO with the boys.
Regards
Tom KC2DTQ@xxxxx New York
_______________________________________________
Sent via AMSAT-BB@xxxxx.xxx. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions
expressed
are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
AMSAT-NA.
Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
Subscription settings: http://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
--
73- Martha
------------------------------
Message: 5
Date: Thu, 23 Feb 2017 08:23:49 -0800
From: KO6TZ Bob <my.callsign@xxxxxxx.xxx>
To: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
Subject: [amsat-bb] NO-84
Message-ID: <d31756d4-6a45-c911-349c-f84b57cee303@xxxxxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed
I have noticed that with "beacon B" it takes from 3-10 seconds of PSK31
on the up-link for the for the FM transmitter to turn on. It does not
turn on immediately. That is why I always suggest never stop
transmitting during the pass. Just select a different macro button as
needed for the contact.
KO6TZ
Bob
------------------------------
Message: 6
Date: Thu, 23 Feb 2017 19:55:06 +0000
From: Richard Lawn <rjlawn@xxxxx.xxx>
To: Amsat BB <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Subject: [amsat-bb] ARISS packet not head
Message-ID:
<CADQmrTHTGzd8COEoqx72WVggHjuO3cYqJ-uCAdramF9QqKannA@xxxx.xxxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Just tried to digipeat with the ARISS station on a good pass here and
nothing was heard. Are they possibly working on something and tool the
station off line?
Rick, W2JAZ
--
Sent from Gmail Mobile
------------------------------
Message: 7
Date: Thu, 23 Feb 2017 16:59:05 -0500
From: John Brier <johnbrier@xxxxx.xxx>
To: Richard Lawn <rjlawn@xxxxx.xxx>
Cc: Amsat BB <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] ARISS packet not head
Message-ID:
<CALn0fKO13bgDTBM5QP1GyPrMS+23edi5jk4qDtnxKYd-qkNfwA@xxxx.xxxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
They did have the Dragon cargo vehicle capture/docking earlier. I know
they turn off all the amateur radio gear for EVAs. Perhaps they do for
dockings as well.
73, John Brier KG4AKV
On Thu, Feb 23, 2017 at 2:55 PM, Richard Lawn <rjlawn@xxxxx.xxx> wrote:
> Just tried to digipeat with the ARISS station on a good pass here and
> nothing was heard. Are they possibly working on something and tool the
> station off line?
>
> Rick, W2JAZ
> --
> Sent from Gmail Mobile
> _______________________________________________
> Sent via AMSAT-BB@xxxxx.xxx. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
> to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions
expressed
> are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
AMSAT-NA.
> Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
> Subscription settings: http://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
------------------------------
Message: 8
Date: Thu, 23 Feb 2017 19:43:43 -0800
From: Phil Karn <karn@xxxxxxxx.xxx>
To: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] ARISS packet not head
Message-ID: <f20a88a7-77b0-4330-c1d7-b74713177347@xxxxxxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252
For what it's worth, I heard the digipeater on 437.55 Tuesday afternoon
(Pacific) on a near overhead pass here in San Diego.
On 2/23/17 11:55, Richard Lawn wrote:
> Just tried to digipeat with the ARISS station on a good pass here and
> nothing was heard. Are they possibly working on something and tool the
> station off line?
>
> Rick, W2JAZ
>
------------------------------
Message: 9
Date: Thu, 23 Feb 2017 20:33:15 -0800
From: Phil Karn <karn@xxxx.xxx>
To: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
Subject: [amsat-bb] spam to ka9q@xxxxx.xxx
Message-ID: <0ae06eab-b4c1-e084-8e0f-1a43e0850079@xxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
I've deleted my ka9q@xxxxx.xxx alias. It accounted for much of my
incoming spam, and after I re-subscribed my AMSAT mailing lists to use
my primary address karn@xxxx.xxx a few years ago, hardly anybody used it
for legit non-spam emails.
So if anyone wants to reach me, please use my primary address
karn@xxxx.xxx. ka9q@xxxxx.xxx no longer works.
A lot of us have accumulated many of these convenience aliases over the
years. Many membership organizations (e.g., AMSAT, ARRL) provide them,
as do universities to their alumni. You might look to see how much spam
you get on the ones you're not using.
(See amsat-bb discussion back in 2014 on this same topic.)
73, Phil
------------------------------
Message: 10
Date: Thu, 23 Feb 2017 21:35:57 -0800
From: Phil Karn <karn@xxxx.xxx>
To: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] BY70-1
Message-ID: <91978ec9-db15-3ca5-0821-a58616531d56@xxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252
On 12/30/16 05:14, Nico Janssen wrote:
>
> By the way, the two SuperView satellites are now using their own
> propulsion system to increase their altitude, preventing an early decay.
> As BY70-1 does not have any propulsion, it is stuck in its low orbit.
Thanks for this explanation. I was wondering why the Superview
satellites were in stable near-circular orbits at ~520 km if the launch
vehicle malfunctioned.
I've grabbed all the historical elements sets from space-track.org for
both Superview spacecraft and for BY70-1. There are quite a few. I want
to look at BY70-1's change in specific orbital energy over time to
estimate the power being dissipated around the spacecraft as it decayed.
The specific orbital energy is the sum of the potential and kinetic
specific energy at any given time. It's constant in any 2-body orbit in
the absence of drag and thrust: negative for a closed orbit (circular,
elliptical) and positive for a hyperbolic (escape) trajectory. It's
exactly 0 for a parabolic escape trajectory. The specific orbital energy
in joules per kilogram is
E = -mu/(2*a)
where mu is the earth's gravitational parameter (3.986004418e14 m^3/s^2)
and 'a' is the semimajor axis in meters. The semimajor axis can be
computed from the mean motion as
rt = 86400 / (MM*2*pi)
a = cube_root(mu*rt^2)
where MM is the mean motion in revolutions per day (from the TLE set)
and mu is again the earth's gravitational parameter. The intermediate
variable rt is the time in seconds it takes for the mean anomaly to
increase by 1 radian, i.e, the time to complete 1/(2*pi) of an orbit.
--Phil
------------------------------
Message: 11
Date: Fri, 24 Feb 2017 00:47:06 -0500
From: "Scott" <scott23192@xxxxx.xxx>
To: <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] BY70-1
Message-ID: <A2B7271CE0E14374913245C59F9EB20C@xxxxxxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1";
reply-type=original
Very interesting stuff, Phil.
Brings to mind a couple of questions on the subject of a decaying orbit...
#1, is there some more-or-less constant altitude where an object is
considered to have stopped orbiting and started re-entering the atmosphere,
or does it vary with mass of the object, speed, etc.
#2, in the case of a spacecraft with radio TX capability, should we expect
it to stop transmitting at some point prior to actual re-entry (for some
electrical or RF reason) or do objects normally keep transmitting until they
fail structurally due to heat & mechanical break-up?
Thanks!
-Scott, K4KDR
Montpelier, VA USA
==============================================
-----Original Message-----
From: Phil Karn
Sent: Friday, February 24, 2017 12:35 AM
To: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] BY70-1
On 12/30/16 05:14, Nico Janssen wrote:
>
> By the way, the two SuperView satellites are now using their own
> propulsion system to increase their altitude, preventing an early decay.
> As BY70-1 does not have any propulsion, it is stuck in its low orbit.
Thanks for this explanation. I was wondering why the Superview
satellites were in stable near-circular orbits at ~520 km if the launch
vehicle malfunctioned.
I've grabbed all the historical elements sets from space-track.org for
both Superview spacecraft and for BY70-1. There are quite a few. I want
to look at BY70-1's change in specific orbital energy over time to
estimate the power being dissipated around the spacecraft as it decayed.
The specific orbital energy is the sum of the potential and kinetic
specific energy at any given time. It's constant in any 2-body orbit in
the absence of drag and thrust: negative for a closed orbit (circular,
elliptical) and positive for a hyperbolic (escape) trajectory. It's
exactly 0 for a parabolic escape trajectory. The specific orbital energy
in joules per kilogram is
E = -mu/(2*a)
where mu is the earth's gravitational parameter (3.986004418e14 m^3/s^2)
and 'a' is the semimajor axis in meters. The semimajor axis can be
computed from the mean motion as
rt = 86400 / (MM*2*pi)
a = cube_root(mu*rt^2)
where MM is the mean motion in revolutions per day (from the TLE set)
and mu is again the earth's gravitational parameter. The intermediate
variable rt is the time in seconds it takes for the mean anomaly to
increase by 1 radian, i.e, the time to complete 1/(2*pi) of an orbit.
--Phil
------------------------------
Message: 12
Date: Thu, 23 Feb 2017 21:53:26 -0800
From: Phil Karn <karn@xxxx.xxx>
To: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] BY70-1
Message-ID: <933e0704-9881-5640-54e1-75affef0cb31@xxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252
Here's a first calculation of the power dissipation in BY70-1 during its
decay.
The highest will be for the period between the last two sets before
decay, which have epochs:
Fri Feb 17 17:37:01.530336 2017 UTC
Fri Feb 17 22:00:25.286112 2017 UTC
i.e., roughly 4.5 hours apart. The specific orbital energy at the first
epoch was -3.044e7 J/kg and -3.054e7 J/kg at the second.
The energy decreased by 100 kJ/kg during this time, so over 4.5 hours
that's an average of about 6.2 watts per kilogram. Multiply that by the
(unknown?) mass of the spacecraft to determine the actual drag power
dissipation in watts.
Depending on how much of that heat was conducted into the spacecraft, I
suppose it would have shown up as a temperature increase in telemetry
but not necessarily enough to cause the electronics to fail.
Decay was about 2.25 hours after the last eleset, and obviously the
power dissipation rose quite sharply toward the end of that interval...
Phil
------------------------------
Message: 13
Date: Thu, 23 Feb 2017 17:21:34 -0800
From: Scott <ka7fvv@xxxxx.xxx>
To: Richard Lawn <rjlawn@xxxxx.xxx>
Cc: Amsat BB <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] ARISS packet not head
Message-ID: <D453CF2F-1ACA-4422-A496-1EA559F6B7EC@xxxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Usually when they have spacecraft arriving or departing they will turn the
APRS off. SpaceX Dragon this morning and Soyuz Progress tomorrow morning.
73, Scott, KA7FVV
President - KBARA www.kbara.org
Co-Owner 443.525 System Fusion Repeater
ka7fvv.net
> On Feb 23, 2017, at 11:55, Richard Lawn <rjlawn@xxxxx.xxx> wrote:
>
> Just tried to digipeat with the ARISS station on a good pass here and
> nothing was heard. Are they possibly working on something and tool the
> station off line?
>
> Rick, W2JAZ
> --
> Sent from Gmail Mobile
> _______________________________________________
> Sent via AMSAT-BB@xxxxx.xxx. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available
> to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions
expressed
> are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
AMSAT-NA.
> Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
> Subscription settings: http://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
------------------------------
Message: 14
Date: Thu, 23 Feb 2017 22:35:33 -0800
From: Phil Karn <karn@xxxx.xxx>
To: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] BY70-1
Message-ID: <0a6987dc-d8bf-f3b1-5235-df28fdbd7943@xxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252
On 2/23/17 21:47, Scott wrote:
> Very interesting stuff, Phil.
>
> Brings to mind a couple of questions on the subject of a decaying orbit...
>
> #1, is there some more-or-less constant altitude where an object is
> considered to have stopped orbiting and started re-entering the
> atmosphere, or does it vary with mass of the object, speed, etc.
Well, atmospheric density decays exponentially with altitude, so there's
no well-defined upper edge. There's the Karman Line that many people
consider the traditional "edge of space", set quite arbitrarily to a
nice round 100 km. But even a satellite at, say, 500 km will come down
in a number of years because it's already re-entered the atmosphere and
losing energy to air drag. (Strictly speaking, you could say that it
never "re-enters" the atmosphere because it never left it in the first
place.)
Karman reportedly chose 100 km as about where an aircraft moving at
orbital velocity would be just barely able to generate enough lift to
support its own weight. I.e., that would be the highest altitude
conceivably reachable with a winged aircraft. I'm not sure how he got
that result since it would depend on the size and shape of the wings,
the aircraft weight, etc. And of course no real aircraft can get
*anywhere* near 100 km with lift, to say nothing of achieving orbital
velocity with current aircraft propulsion. (Even with a rocket engine
Space Ship One could only briefly visit space; it had only about 4% of
the energy needed to attain a minimal orbit.)
>From memory, most meteors and decaying spacecraft break up below the
Karman line, in the mesosphere at maybe 70-80 km. The mesosphere is the
hardest region of the atmosphere to study since it's too high for
balloons and too low for satellites. It can only be briefly visited with
sounding rockets (or well protected re-entering spacecraft.)
So I can't give you an exact altitude, but I could say that an object
"stops orbiting" when its vacuum perigee (i.e., its projected trajectory
if you ignore the atmosphere) goes negative. As long as the vacuum
perigee is positive you could say that the satellite is still in orbit,
if not for long given the rate at which it's losing energy to drag (and
causing the instantaneous vacuum perigee to decrease). And that assumes
the spacecraft remains in one piece.
Just before re-entry, Apollo 11 was in a highly elliptical earth orbit
with a vacuum perigee of 38.5 km. But it lost so much energy to drag
that its vacuum perigee went negative well before it could reach that
original 38.5 km point. Had the vacuum perigee been too high, then when
it got to perigee it would have retained enough energy to fly back out
into space. Mike Collins wrote in his book that he carefully monitored
total spacecraft energy during entry, and he breathed a huge sigh of
relief when it fell below that required to maintain an orbit.
> #2, in the case of a spacecraft with radio TX capability, should we
> expect it to stop transmitting at some point prior to actual re-entry
> (for some electrical or RF reason) or do objects normally keep
> transmitting until they fail structurally due to heat & mechanical
> break-up?
Well, that depends on how much of the drag heat gets into the
electronics and whether they get too hot to function before structural
failure. The air is so thin in the upper mesosphere and the velocity is
still so high that heating effects probably overwhelm aerodynamic
forces, so initial structural failure probably comes from melting, not
mechanical pressure.
--Phil
------------------------------
Subject: Digest Footer
_______________________________________________
Sent via amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx.
AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available to all interested persons worldwide
without requiring membership. Opinions expressed
are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of
AMSAT-NA.
Not an AMSAT member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
http://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
------------------------------
End of AMSAT-BB Digest, Vol 12, Issue 50
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